Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Spatiotemporally engineered microneedle for microenvironment remodeling propels mucosal regeneration after tracheal mucosal injury

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gel-AgNA/MgGA MN promote mucosal regeneration. (a) HE and Safranin O staining of rabbit tracheal samples harvested at Day 10 post-operation after treated with Gel, Gel-AgNA, Gel-MgGA, and Gel-AgNA/MgGA MN. (b) IF staining of CK14 (marker of basal cells, red) and AC-Tub (marker of cilia cell, green). (c) IF staining of ZO-1 (marker of tight junctions, orange). (d, e) Quantitative analysis of regenerated epithelial coverage and thickness (n = 9). (f) Masson and Sirius Red staining for collagen evaluation after various treatments (n = 5). Quantitative analysis of collagen volume fraction (g) and fiber orientation (h) . The pentagram indicates luminal side of trachea.

Article Snippet: Immunofluorescence staining of CK14 (Abcam, ab181595), AC-Tub (Proteintech, 66200-1-Ig), ZO-1 (Proteintech, 21773-1-AP), and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD31 (Servicebio, S1002) were conducted to reveal the conditions of mucosal regeneration, according to previous literature [ ].

Techniques: Staining, Marker

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: MicroRNA-200s attenuate demyelination caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse model by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01112

Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-200 expression was markedly increased in the brains of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis . (A) Timeline of the animal experiment. Mice infected with AC were sacrificed at 2, 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection, and brain tissues were obtained for microarray, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Uninfected healthy mice were used as controls. (B) Heatmap of some miRNAs that were highly expressed in the infected group compared with the control group. (C) Bar chart of the heat map statistics. (D) FISH analysis showing miR-200a expression in the brains of mice infected with AC. Scale bars: 50 μm. Green fluorescence indicates miR-200a. (E) miR-200 expression levels in the brains of mice infected with AC and those treated with TS-IIA, as verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (F) miR-200a expression in the myelin sheath was markedly increased 2 days after AC infection (white arrows). Scale bars: 25 μm. The white arrows indicate co-localization. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 3 animals/group). * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, vs. control group. AC: Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; miR: microRNA; TS-IIA: Tanshinone IIA.

Article Snippet: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), a food-borne zoonotic parasite, is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis globally (Cowie et al., 2022; Pandian et al., 2023) and induces severe demyelination in the CNS.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Microarray, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: MicroRNA-200s attenuate demyelination caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse model by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01112

Figure Lengend Snippet: Combined application of miR-200a and miR-200c has a stronger effect than application of either miRNA alone on demyelination in AC-infected mice. (A) Timeline of the animal experiment. Mice infected with AC were injected with miR-200s at 7 dpi and sacrificed at 21 dpi. (B) Neurological scores in the different groups. n = 6. (C, D) Myelin-associated protein (MBP) expression levels in the corpus callosum. n = 3. (E) Myelin sheaths in the corpus callosum observed by transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars: 1 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, vs . control group; # P < 0.05, vs. AC-21 d group. AC: Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; miR: microRNA; N.S.: not significant.

Article Snippet: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), a food-borne zoonotic parasite, is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis globally (Cowie et al., 2022; Pandian et al., 2023) and induces severe demyelination in the CNS.

Techniques: Infection, Injection, Expressing, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Control

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: MicroRNA-200s attenuate demyelination caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse model by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01112

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neurological outcomes in AC-infected mice were improved by treatment with miR-200s. (A) Timeline of the animal experiment. AC-infected mice were co-injected with agomiR-200a and -200c or agomiR-NC in the lateral ventricle on day 7 post-infection. Two weeks later, the neurological status of the mice was assessed, magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and brain tissue was harvested for subsequent experiments. (B) miR-200c and miR-200a expression levels were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, using U6 as the internal reference. n = 3. (C) Left: mouse neurological scores; right: mouse weights. (D) Left: area of cerebral effusion; right: area of damaged corpus callosum. n = 3. (E) Representative MRI images. Red arrows indicate corpus callosum, and white arrows indicate subdural effusion. Scale bars: 2 mm. (F) Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining of the corpus callosum. Red asterisks indicate a decrease in the number of myelin sheaths. Scale bars: 20 μm. (G) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the corpus callosum. Black arrows indicate hemorrhage. Scale bars: 50 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001, vs. control group; # P < 0.05, vs . AC-21 d group. AC: Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; miR: microRNA; N.A.: not applicable; N.S.: not significant; T1WI: T1-weighted imaging; T2WI: T2-weighted imaging.

Article Snippet: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), a food-borne zoonotic parasite, is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis globally (Cowie et al., 2022; Pandian et al., 2023) and induces severe demyelination in the CNS.

Techniques: Infection, Injection, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staining, Control, Imaging

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: MicroRNA-200s attenuate demyelination caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse model by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01112

Figure Lengend Snippet: Combined miR-200a and miR-200c overexpression reduces demyelination in AC-infected mice. (A) The ultrastructure of the corpus callosum was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Red arrowheads indicate damaged myelinated axons, and yellow arrowheads indicate thickened myelin. Scale bars: 1 μm. (B) Immunofluorescence analysis of CC-1–labeled cells (green) in the corpus callosum. Scale bars: 20 μm. (C–E) Statistical analysis of the g-ratio, diameter, and ratio of myelinated axons. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 3 animals/group. (F) Statistical analysis of positive CC-1 staining in the corpus callosum. n = 3 animals/group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01,*** P < 0.001, vs . control group; # P < 0.05, vs. AC-21 d group. AC: Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; miR: microRNA; N.S.: not significant.

Article Snippet: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), a food-borne zoonotic parasite, is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis globally (Cowie et al., 2022; Pandian et al., 2023) and induces severe demyelination in the CNS.

Techniques: Over Expression, Infection, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Staining, Control

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: MicroRNA-200s attenuate demyelination caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse model by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01112

Figure Lengend Snippet: Possible molecular mechanisms by which AC infection causes brain demyelination. (A) MBP and PTEN mRNA levels in the brains of AC-infected mice. GAPDH was used as an internal reference. (B) Targeted quantitative proteinomics analysis workflow. Proteins were purified from the brains of BALB/c mice (normal and AC-infected), then reduced and enzymatically cleaved to generate peptides. Next, all peptide fragments were ionized. Subsequently, mother ions specific to known multiple sclerosis target molecules were selected. Then, collision-induced fragmentation of mother ions was performed to remove interference from other ions. Finally, mass spectrometry signals were collected and bioinformatic analysis was performed for specific ions. (C) Venn diagram of genes associated with lipid metabolism in the AC-infected and normal groups. (D) Volcano plot of gene expression levels. (E) Heatmap of upregulated and downregulated genes. (F) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showing the effect of AC infection on organ formation, metabolism, human diseases, and some cellular processes. (G) Further KEGG enrichment analysis indicated potential major influences of AC infection on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and PI3K/AKT pathways. AC: Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MBP: myelin basic protein; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog.

Article Snippet: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), a food-borne zoonotic parasite, is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis globally (Cowie et al., 2022; Pandian et al., 2023) and induces severe demyelination in the CNS.

Techniques: Infection, Purification, Mass Spectrometry, Gene Expression

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: MicroRNA-200s attenuate demyelination caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse model by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01112

Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-200s regulated MBP expression by inhibiting PTEN, thereby activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, in AC-infected mice. (A) Representative western blotting images of protein expression in the corpus callosum. (B–F) Quantification of the data shown in A. PTEN and MBP expression levels were normalized to β-actin, and the expression levels of the phosphorylated proteins were normalized to their non-phosphorylated counterparts. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 3 animals/group). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, vs. control group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, vs . AC-21 d group. (G) Schematic diagram of miR-200-mediated promotion of myelin formation through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. AC: Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MBP: myelin basic protein; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog.

Article Snippet: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), a food-borne zoonotic parasite, is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis globally (Cowie et al., 2022; Pandian et al., 2023) and induces severe demyelination in the CNS.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: MicroRNA-200s attenuate demyelination caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse model by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01112

Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-200s target PTEN and protect OPCs from LPS-induced injury. (A) Left, primary neural stem cells (NSCs); right, primary OPCs. (B) Nestin and NG2 were used to identify NSCs and OPCs, respectively. (C, D) Oligo2 was used to identify OPCs, and GFAP was used to identify astrocytes. The percentages of these two cells indicate the purity of the OPC population. Scale bars: 50 μm in A–C. (E) miR-200a/-200c binding sites predicted using the Target Scan database. (F) The wild-type or mutant reporter plasmid was co-transfected with miR-200a/-200c or miR-NC into OPCs. (G) Representative western blot and quantification of mTOR, AKT, PI3K, and PTEN expression. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 3 animals/group). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, vs . control group (pLuc); ### P < 0.001, vs. AC-21 d group or LPS group. AC: Angiostrongylus cantonensis ; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MBP: myelin basic protein; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; OPCs: oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog.

Article Snippet: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), a food-borne zoonotic parasite, is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis globally (Cowie et al., 2022; Pandian et al., 2023) and induces severe demyelination in the CNS.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: MicroRNA-200s attenuate demyelination caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a mouse model by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01112

Figure Lengend Snippet: MiR-200s attenuate demyelination by modulating lipid metabolism levels. (A) Heatmap of genes associated with lipid metabolism in the normal, AC-infected, AC-NC, and AC-200ac groups. (B) Heatmap of genes encoding crucial lipid metabolism factors that were differentially expressed in the normal and AC-200ac groups. (C) Bubble plot displaying the upregulation and downregulation of key lipid metabolism gene modules that were differentially expressed in the AC-200ac group compared with the normal group. (D) Venn diagram of genes in the normal and miR-200ac treatment groups with similar expression trends. (E) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) enrichment analysis showing genes in the AC-200ac group related to primary immunodeficiency, cocaine addiction, and amphetamine addiction. (F) KEGG clustering analysis showing the primary signaling pathways involved in normal physiological processes in neural cells. AC: Angiostrongylus cantonensis .

Article Snippet: Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC), a food-borne zoonotic parasite, is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis globally (Cowie et al., 2022; Pandian et al., 2023) and induces severe demyelination in the CNS.

Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Protein-Protein interactions